The Properties of the Chlorine Element
Symbol of Element : Cl
Atomic Number : 17
Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu
Melting Point: -100.98 °C - 172.17 °K
Boiling Point: -34.6 °C - 238.55 °K
Number of Protons/Electrons : 17
Number of Neutrons : 18
Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic
Density @ 293 K: 3.214 g/cm3
Color : greenish-yellow
What is Chlorine? Origin / Meaning of the name Chlorine
The name originates from the Greek word 'khloros' meaning green referring to the color of the gas.
What is Chlorine? Periodic Table Group and Classification of the Chlorine Element
Elements can be classified based on their physical states (States of Matter) e.g. gas, solid or liquid. This element is a gas. Chlorine is classified as an element in the 'Halogens' section which can be located in group 7 of the Periodic Table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter - Gases such as Fluorine & Chlorine, Solids such as Iodine and Astatine and Liquid as in Bromine. For additional facts and information refer to Chlorine Properties.
What is Chlorine? Occurrence of the Chlorine Element
Obtained from Earth's oceans salt
Found only as the chloride ion
1.9% of the mass of seawater is chloride ions
Abundances of the element in different environments
% in Universe 0.0001%
% in Sun 0.0008%
% in Meteorites 0.037%
% in Earth's Crust 0.017%
% in Oceans 2%
% in Humans 0.12%
Associated Uses of Chlorine
Bleaches
Mustard gas
Water purification
Production of chlorates
Paper production
Antiseptic
Insecticides
Paint
Plastics
Medicines
Hypochlorous acid
Chlorine dioxide
What is Chlorine? Facts about the Discovery and History of the Chlorine Element
Chlorine was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. While studying the action of hydrochloric acid upon the mineral pyrolusite, in 1774, Scheele obtained a yellowish, gaseous substance to which he gave a name in keeping with the phlogiston theory then current. Later it was supposed to be a compound containing Oxygen. In 1810, however, the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy proved it to be an element and named it chlorine.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Scheele (9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786) was a German chemist who made a number of important chemical discoveries before many others but was rarely given the credit for his findings. For instance, although Scheele discovered oxygen Joseph Priestley published his findings first so was given the credit. Carl Scheele also identified molybdenum, Tungsten, barium, Hydrogen and chlorine before Humphry Davy and other scientists.
Sir Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) isolated sodium, Lithium, Potassium, barium, strontium, and Calcium by means of electrolysis; demonstrated the elementary nature of chlorine; invented the safety lamp; discovered the stupefying effects of nitrous oxide.
Chlorine as on the Periodic Table
Check out Chlorine on the Periodic Table which arranges each chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the Periodic Law, so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column. Our Periodic Table is simple to use - just click on the symbol for Chlorine as on the Periodic Table for additional information and for an instant comparison of the Atomic Weight, Melting Point, Boiling Point and Mass - G/cc with any other element. An invaluable source of facts and information as a Chemistry reference guide.
Other elements classified as Halogens
The other elements contained in this classification are as follows:
- Fluorine
- Bromine
- Iodine
- Astatine
What is Chlorine - IUPAC and the Modern Standardised Periodic Table
The Standardised Periodic Table in use today was agreed by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, in 1985 and now recognises more periods and elements than Dimitri Mendeleev knew in his day but still all fitting into his concept of the "Periodic Table" in which Chlorine is just one element that can be found.
